Newly Discovered Shock Absorber in the Equine Foot
by Pete Ramey ©2007, as published in Issue 28 of The Horse's Hoof Magazine (2007)
Important note: These are just preliminary observations. They are my interpretation after several conversations about it with Dr. Bowker. The completed research project is coming eventually, but people who went to Bowkers last clinic are buzzing about it, so I thought Id try to clear it up.
Robert Bowker VMD, PhD has been teaching for many years that the blood flow in the equine foot acts as a hydraulic shock absorber. Most of his focus has been on the back half of the foot, but more recently hes paying more attention to energy-dissipating features in the front half of the foot, as well.
Recent data shows that peripheral loading of the foot reduces hoof perfusion by almost 50%...immediately. This does not necessarily cause tissue death, because the soles corium is filled with a huge number of micro-vesselsa tremendous amount more than is needed for healthy tissue life. Bowker feels these extra blood vessels are for hydraulic energy dissipation, but more recently hes discovered that the entire structure of the soles corium is a mixture of venous microvasculature surrounded by proteoglycansan extremely elastic structure (along with a honeycomb framework of keratinized sole). This type of structure is known to have use it or lose it tendencies. The more it is used, the better it develops.
Bowker has noticed that unhealthy or underdeveloped equine feet have a thin solar corium that is fairly uniform all the way across (1-3 mm), but healthy, well-developed feet have a much thicker corium in the outer periphery. This thicker corium may be 3-5 mm thick (or more) in the healthiest hooves.
Aside from a tremendous Gel Pad shock absorber, this thicker corium also allows for a great deal of expansion room of the front half of the foot. This is very significant, as many people still think the expansion of the foot only happens in the back half of the foot, where the foundation for the hoof capsule is cartilage, instead of bone.
Photos courtesy Pete Ramey
At Rest
Applying Hard Pressure
The walls can spread significantly as pressure is applied to P3, and the sole flattens. The thicker corium at the distal border of P3 is compressed, pushing blood to the back of the foot through an energy-dampening network of micro-vessels. Then, when the load is released, the elastic nature of the soles corium and spring tension in the hoof capsule snaps it all back into place for the next stride. (These pictures are the exact same size, of the same slice, and taken from the exact same range, 2 second time lapse.) Also note that this pressure does not create a separational force on the laminae; they actually compress!!! If the wall was not allowed to expand, the same downward force would stretch the laminae. The thin corium at the center of P3 seems to thicken with weight bearing, as the corium at the outer periphery is compressed.
Photos above are 10mm thick slices taken 12mm behind the apex of the frog. Notice as I apply hard pressure with my hand, the solar corium flattens, the frog moves to the ground, and the walls spread dramatically. The force required to do this is basically as hard as I can push. As this is studied more, well elaborate, but I thought youd like to hear about it now.
For more info, please visit Pete & Ivy Rameys website at www.hoofrehab.com
As published in Issue 28 of The Horse's Hoof Magazine (2007)
©2007 by The Horse's Hoof. All rights reserved. No part of these publications may be reproduced by any means whatsoever without the written permission of the publisher and/or authors. The information contained within these articles is intended for educational purposes only, and not for diagnosing or medicinally prescribing in any way. Readers are cautioned to seek expert advice from a qualified health professional before pursuing any form of treatment on their animals. Opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the publisher.
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